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Carbon Capture Pathways: Major Technical Approaches for CO₂ Removal Equipment
Release Date:
Sep 08,2026
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A CO₂ removal plant is a facility that uses physical or chemical methods to separate and recover carbon dioxide from industrial exhaust gases or the atmosphere.
A CO₂ removal plant is a facility that uses physical or chemical methods to separate and recover carbon dioxide from industrial exhaust gases or the atmosphere. Depending on the specific gas source conditions and treatment objectives, various technical approaches have been developed.
Chemical absorption is one of the most widely used carbon capture technologies today. After pretreatment, flue gas enters an absorption tower, where it reacts with a chemical absorbent (such as an organic amine solution) to absorb the carbon dioxide. The absorbent solution, now enriched with carbon dioxide, is heated via a heat exchanger before entering a regeneration tower, where the carbon dioxide is desorbed through heating. The absorbent is then cooled and recycled for reuse. The carbon dioxide exiting the top of the regeneration tower undergoes cooling, compression, and drying before being liquefied for storage or direct use. This method is technically mature, offers high selectivity, and allows for the regeneration of the solvent.
Membrane separation utilizes differences in the permeation rates of various gas molecules through the membrane material to achieve separation. In recent years, progress has been made in hybrid matrix membrane technology—by combining high-performance nanofillers with polymer membrane materials, the gas separation performance of the membranes has been enhanced. Operational testing of a pilot-scale facility under actual flue gas conditions at a coal-fired power plant has validated the stability and engineering potential of this technology.
The physical adsorption method uses porous solid adsorbents (such as activated carbon, molecular sieves, and metal-organic framework materials) to selectively adsorb carbon dioxide. Once adsorption is saturated, the carbon dioxide is desorbed and released by varying pressure or temperature. This method is suitable for gas sources with moderate concentrations.
Direct Air Capture (DAC) is a technological approach for capturing carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere. It involves exposing solid adsorbents or liquid absorbents to ambient-pressure air to enrich low-concentration carbon dioxide before releasing it. DAC can address historical emissions already dispersed in the atmosphere and complements point-source capture.
Different technological approaches have distinct priorities in terms of energy consumption, cost, and applicable scenarios. Chemical absorption is suitable for high-concentration flue gas; membrane separation is advancing toward large-scale application; and DAC addresses the need to remove low-concentration carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
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Carbon Capture Pathways: Major Technical Approaches for CO₂ Removal Equipment
A CO₂ removal plant is a facility that uses physical or chemical methods to separate and recover carbon dioxide from industrial exhaust gases or the atmosphere.
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